Arts and Crafts.

The Arts and Crafts movement began in the late 1800s and it was a reaction to the Victorian era and the industrial movement. The Arts and Crafts movement valued sturdy, craftsman work; this means that a key factor of the movement was no industrial made furnishings, all furniture was hand made and focused on stability and durability. 

William Morris: A key person in the development of the Arts and Crafts movement; he believed that people should remove the excess and focus more on the solid necessities rather than lavish nonsense materials. 

Wood was used in a lot of the Arts and Crafts design. It sort of went back to medieval design, using solid structures and exposed hinges. They wanted to be able to see that the furniture was hand crafted and not made in a factory. 

Any elaborate detail in the Arts and Crafts design was always handcrafted.

Modern Examples: